Let's face it. The transition to HDTV has been a painful and confusing one. It's bad enough that there are now 10 different types of TV technologies available in the market, but what's worse is that display makers, content providers, set-top box manufacturers, and the entire PC industry has been pushing several completely different ways of connecting high definition components since the launch of the first HDTV products in 1998. What's the end result? There are now millions of high definition products in the market, and they all have different plugs on the back. Component video, FireWire, DVI, and HDMI have all graced the back of a TV set at some point over the last eight years, and now consumers are thoroughly confused.

Fortunately, understanding the differences among these types of connections doesn't mean you need a degree in rocket science. With a little bit of knowledge you can get a grasp of the current state of video connections, and learn which digital connection is the one you want to look for when shopping for a new HDTV.

It's a Different Kind of Format War

Few really understand why there's such tension and competition over something as silly as a connector, but it's important to understand why there's such a fight between manufacturers and their partners as to whose format becomes the standard.

There's a lot that goes into creating a standard. Issues like backwards and cross compatibility, cost, features, copy protection, transmission, durability, and a whole lot more. Creating something affordable, feature-packed, and highly protected takes years of research, development, and testing. In other words, creating a standard costs a fortune.

Money, above all else, is the motivating factor behind creating a standard. It's expensive to dump millions of dollars into creating a great connection when no one uses it. On the flip side, it's highly lucrative if it becomes the de-facto standard. Every manufacturer that uses the connector, in most cases, must pay a yearly license fee for use of the product, as well as pay a per-unit royalty for every unit produced that uses it. The royalty fees are not huge ($.15 per unit for HDMI, $.05 per unit if they include the logo on the product), but they add up to serious amounts of money when your licensees are producing items in massive quantities. Think of how many products and cables will be sold that are subject to this royalty and do the math... you'll be surprised at the total.

From Analog to Digital

So the first question is how did we get to where we are today? When the first HDTVs launched, there was no such thing as a digital video connection standard. Most TVs at the time shipped with HD compatible component video inputs or 5-wire RGB connections. These connections transmit signals in the analog domain, and are typically fine for CRT based displays like high-resolution tubes and CRT projection displays.

Falling prices and strong sales of LCD, Plasma, DLP, and other digital display technologies over the last few years have dramatically shifted the market. These sets don't work as well with analog connections like RGB and component video. Integrated analog-to-digital translation usually does a good job of getting images on the screen, but the image quality suffers as a result.

The other reason behind the push to digital connections is the ability to protect high-resolution source material, preventing the creation of digital-to-digital copies. Copy protection has also been a major contributor to the rise and fall of most advanced connection methods. Without a robust protection scheme in place, content providers and major motion picture studios shy away from taking advantage of the higher quality performance.

Three Digital Connections, One Confused Consumer

FireWire Comes and Goes

The first real attempt to providing a digital interface came in the form of an IEEE-1394 (also known as FireWire or i.Link) cable based on HAVi (Home Audio/Video interoperability) communication protocols. This connection was...